The Expression of Biomarker Resistin in both the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) and Serum of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Pacemaker Therapy (A Clinical Study)
Shaymaa M. Hassan*, Amira M. Abdel Azim
Background: Resistin is firstly introduced in 2001, as a cysteine-rich protein which is released from activated circulating monocytes together with those present inside the adipose tissues. It has been related to obesity and insulin resistance in animal models. Recently, elevated levels of serum resistin and Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is used as a biomarker for multiple inflammatory conditions. Chronic periodontitis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from the accumulation of plaque, which leads to bacterial invasion of the immune defense mechanism and thus takes place in the pathogenesis of a systemic disease. Pacemaker patients are considered high-risk patients that require special care to prevent infection and failure of implantation of the device.
Subjects and Methods: This study included 60 subjects divided into four groups. Group I: patients with pacemaker therapy with a history of complications and re-implantation of the device, together with chronic periodontitis. Group II: Patients with chronic periodontitis only (medically free). Group III: Patients with chronic periodontitis with pacemaker device without previous complications or removal of the device. Group IV: Healthy individuals (Healthy periodontium and medically free). Levels of GCF and Serum resistin were measured in all four groups.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between GCF Resistin values in the four groups (P-value <0.001), where groups I and III showed the highest levels followed by group II, whereas group IV showed the least GCF levels. Also, the high levels of GCF were statistically related to high median scores of plaque index(PI), modified gingival index(GI), and probing depth (PD) in groups I, II, and III respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in serum resistin levels and Groups I, III, II and IV respectively (P-value < 0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant co-relation between both Serum and GCF resistin values.
Conclusion: Elevated levels of both GCF and serum Resistin can play a critical role in detecting the level of inflammation, severity together with the prognosis of chronic periodontitis. They can be used to predict the presence of infection that may lead to future complications to the implanted pacemaker devices and hence affecting the lifestyle of this sort of patient.
