Aim: Aim of this invitro study is to compare the antimicrobial activity of Theobromine containing kids tooth paste and two commercially available kids toothpastes.

Materials and Methods: A chocolate based tooth paste, Theobromine (Group A) and two commercially available kids paste, Colgate kids (Group-B) and Kidodent (Group C) were used in this study. Freeze-dried stock culture of the strains of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis were cultured in their respective selective media. Dentifrices were added to the wells puched out in the culture media and after incubation, the zones of inhibition were measured to find out the antimicrobial activity.

Results: Theobromine showed a greater zone of inhibition which is statistically significant when compared to the other two pastes.

Conclusion: Toothpaste containing theobromine containing toothpaste as shows higher antimicrobial effect against streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus acidophilus and enterococcus faecalis.

Background: Although chlorine is used as an important disinfectant for pool water yet its effect on the teeth could be a cause of concern. This study aimed to assess the protective and corrective effect of Xylitol versus standard use of fluoride on surface morphology and ionic profile of primary enamel exposed to chlorinated water in vitro, to tailor a feasible regimen for young swimmers.

Materials and Methods: Thirty recently exfoliated, deciduous central incisors, (Negative Control,n=30) were examined by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) . Teeth were divided into Two groups, (n=15). I. Corrective groups: Pool water group (P): teeth were subjected to chlorinated water, then half the tooth was coated with fluoride (P&F): and the other half xylitol (P&X):, II. Preventive groups: The other 15 specimens, were half coated with fluoride: subgroup (F), and half with xylitol Subgroup(X) (positive controls): teeth were then subjected to chlorinated water. (F+P) & (X+P). A blinded operator to the tooth condition examined all groups between all steps by scanning electron microscope to detect surface morphological changes and energy dispersive X-ray analysis to evaluate Ca, P, C, Cl ions.

Results:scanning electron microscope revealed areas of erosion on enamel subjected to chlorinated water, which improved by both agents but xylitol showed a smoother surface which was supported by statistical analysis of ionic EDXA results. Fluoride demonstrated a better protective effect as par ionic measuring results.

Conclusion: young swimmers should use a fluoride agent prior to pool, and a xylitol agent after training to minimize detrimental effects of chlorinated water. Xylitol showed a higher significant effect whether as a protective or corrective agent.

We often encounter the problem of reconstruction of devitalized teeth. Their crown is caries destroyed or broken. The possibilities are fiberglass, Logan or cast upgrade. Everything is clear when a tooth has one root or two and how do when a tooth has three roots. My idea has become a reality and I have to say that I have a positive experience. In the professional literature, I have not found this case, and therefore I think it is worth a look!

Aims: The purpose of this report is to describe saliva IgA antibody against M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and anti-Ro autoantibodies in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). In addition we want to clarify if this antibody anti-Ro is or not related to the presence of anti-IgA M3 mAChRs autoantibodies in whole saliva of pSS patients.

Methods: Whole saliva samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=30), patients with pSS anti-Ro positive (n=60) and patients with pSS anti-Ro negative (n=30). Saliva IgA patients and healthy subjects were tested by ELISA recognized the synthetic 25-mer peptide corresponding to the extracellular loop of the human M3 mAChRs. Also, concentration of nitrite/nitrate was determined by ELISA. 

Results: Optical density values for saliva IgA from pSS anti-Ro positive are significantly higher than those from IgA anti-Ro negative patients and IgA from normal subjects. These molecular interactions between IgA and human M3 mAChR synthetic peptide increased in optical density values compared with IgA from pSS anti-Ro negative and healthy subjects when M3 mAChR synthetic peptide was used as coating antigen. The specificity of this reaction was assessed by the ability of the M3 synthetic peptide (1x10-5 M) to inhibit the action when whole saliva was incubated previously with the M3 synthetic peptide for 40 min at 37ºC and then added together in the microtiter plates. On the other hand, the concentration of nitrate/nitrite in whole saliva was significantly decreased in pSS anti-Ro positive patients in comparison with those from IgA anti-Ro negative patients and healthy subjects.
Conclusions: Patients presenting in saliva anti IgA anti-Ro positive are statistically significant in optical density values than those IgA from anti-Ro negative patients and healthy individuals. Also, the hypofunction of the salivary glands is associated with significant decrement of nitrate/nitrites levels in the saliva in pSS-Ro positive without any changes in pSS-Ro negative and healthy subjects.