Studies on Pigments Produced by two Bacteria Species Isolated from a Dump Site in Ile-Ife

Cecilia Nireti Fakorede, Babamotemi Oluwasola Itakorode*2 Taiwo Scholes Adewole

Pigment producing potential of two different bacteria species isolated from a dump site in Ile-Ife were investigated. The organisms were isolated and identified by sequencing and amplification of their 16SrRNA gene. The pigment produced was characterized and various conditionsof productions were optimized. Based on the 16SrRNA gene sequencing, they were identified as Micrococcus luteus (G152) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa (G153). The isolated strains produced extracellular yellow and green pigment on nutrient agar medium respectively. The optimumconditions for pigment production for both isolates were observed at 30oC, pH 7 and 24th hr. Maltose and peptone were the best carbonand nitrogen source for the pigment production. Under optimized condition, the amount of yellow pigment produced were 524.0 mg/l, 428.0mg/l and 416.0 mg/l in the first, second and third generations respectively while the green pigment produced were 561.0 mg/l, 557.0 mg/l and508 mg/l respectively. The infrared (IR) spectral analyses of both pigments showed bands at 3.500 cm-1 which indicates the presence of O-Hfunctional group. GC-MS analysis of the G152 pigment showed four prominent compounds identified as octadecanoic acid (20.40%), n-hexadecanoicacid (20.03%), cis- vaccenic acid and pyrrolo (1,2-a) pyrazine-1,4-dione (14.02%) while G153 showed only three prominent compounds2-Furancarboxaldehyde (26.41 and 23.59%), octadecanoic acid (11.98%) and 1-Hydroxyphenazine. The high pigment producing potential of thetwo organisms suggests their usefulness in the industrial processes.

Review Article for Treatment of Tuberculosis

Shakib Uzzaman*, Rahul Mahata, Sabrien Sobnom, Sultana Rajia
 

Tuberculosis is an airborne infectious disease treated with combination therapeutic regimens. Adherence to long-term antituberculosis therapy is crucial for maintaining adequate blood drug level. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strainsare mainly favored by the inadequate medical management of the patients. The therapeutic approach for drug-resistant tuberculosisis cumbersome, because of the poor, expensive, less-effective, and toxic alternatives to the first-line drugs. New antituberculosis drugs(bedaquiline and delamanid) have been recently approved by the health authorities, but they cannot represent the definitive solution tothe clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis forms, particularly in intermediate economy settings where the prevalenceof drug resistance is high (China, India, and former Soviet Union countries). New research and development activities are urgently needed.Public health policies are required to preserve the new and old therapeutic options.

Phytochemical Investigation and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Rhizomes of Hedychium Spicatum

Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Carrot Retailed in Vegetable Markets in five Districts of Karnataka, India

Ananda Gowda S.R, Kesava Reddy A, Ramesh H.L

Carrot Daucus carota is a root vegetable, biennial plant in the umbellifer family Apiaceae and the roots contain alpha and beta-carotene and are a good source of vitamin K and vitamin B6. Pesticide residues in carrot samples of five districts viz., Bangalore Rural, Bangalore Urban, Chickballapura, Kolar and Ramanagara were analysed using gas chromatographic technique equipped with Electron Capture Detector (ECD) and Flame Thermo ionic Detector (FTD) for different pesticide residues of organophosphate, organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates. Acephate contamination accounted 25% in Bangalore rural, 37.5% each in Bangalore urban, Chikkaballapura and Ramanagara districts. Chlorpyriphos residue above MRL of 0.2 mg/kg noticed in all the districts except Bangalore Urban. Dichlorvos contamination hardly crossed the limit and the mean concentration of fenvalerate in different district in the order Bangalore Urban> Kolar>Chickballapura> Ramanagara=Bangalore Rural. Cyfluthrin-β is not detected in any districts and the concentration of monocrotophos, cyhalothrin-λ, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were found below thepermissible limit in all the places selected for investigation.

Amino Acid Imbalance and Atherosclerosis

P.A. Karavay*, L.I. Nefyodov, N.L. Karavay

Roles of Private Pharmacy Agents in Asthma Care in Africa

Ulrich Davy Kombila*, Dieudonné Mounguengui, Josaphat Iba Ba, and Jean Bruno Boguikouma