The objective of this study was to study the effect of Agrobacterium- mediated transformation on regeneration efficiency of tomato explants. In vitro regeneration frequencies of cotyledon and hypocotyl of one local (Allah Kareem) and two imported (Peto86, Strain-B) tomato cultivars were investigated in a regeneration medium supplemented with different concentrations and/or combinations of phytohormones. The highest regeneration capacity was recorded for cultivar Peto86 (86% for cotyledon and 74% for hypocotyl) followed by Allah Kareem (82% for cotyledon and 74% for hypocotyl) and Strain-B (74% for cotyledon and 62% for hypocotyl). After transformation, results showed that The regeneration frequencies for cv. Peto86were significantly decreased from 24% to 15.3% and from 27% to 19.4%, for hypocotyls and cotyledonary explants, respectivel. Hypocotyls of cv. Strain B showed no regeneration after transformation. However, regeneration % of cotyledonary explants of the same cultivar was slightly decreased from 29.9% to 27.7%. Regeneration of Allah Kareem hypocotyls had sharply declined from 27% to 6.6%, after transformation. However, for coteledonary explants of Allah Kareem, the regeneration % was decreased from 34.6 to 26.9%.

 

 

Mobile phones are used in daily life professionally and socially by every community in an environment prone to several bacterial pathogens.This study was conducted to prove that the mobile phones are the major vehicles for the transmission of bacterial pathogens. For this 350 swabs were taken from the mobile phones of the owners and were divided into the 4-group as follow: Group A was composed of 90 food

handlers, group B, 102 taxi drivers, group C, 77 medical staff and group D, 81 students. The samples were culture and their antimicrobial sensitivity was conducted by the standard procedure. The results showed a high percentage (64.57%) of bacterial contamination. Mobile phones of group A had the highest level of contamination (70, 77.77%) followed by group B (76, 74.50%), group C (42, 54.54%) and group D

(38, 46.91%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most dominant bacterial agent in all groups followed by E. coli. Other bacterial agents isolate were Enterococcus feacalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus Spp and P. aeruginosa. There was no statistical significance difference (P <0.05) in the occurrence of S. aureus, the most frequently identified pathogenic bacterial agent isolated from the mobile phones in the study groups. Ceftriaxone was found to be effective (181, 80.08%) against most isolates followed by Ciprofloxacin (177, 78.31%). It is concluded that mobile phones may serve as a vehicle of spreading bacterial diseases of both community and hospital acquired. Adherence to infection control such as using of antiseptics and hand washing is advised